Ubungwevu kunye nobutyheli beilinen yehotele neyesibhedleleayichaphazeli nje kuphela inkangeleko kodwa ikwanika umbono ongemhle wokubaukucocaayiphelelanga kubathengi. Izizathu zokuba ngwevu kunye nobutyheli zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: ukucocwa okungaphelelanga kunye neentsalela zamabala akhethekileyo. Zifanele ziphathwe ngendlela eyahlukileyo.
Iingxaki zobungwevu
Ilineni iyonke ayicacanga kwaye ingwevu. Isizathu esiphambili kukuba ukungcola okanye intsalela yokungcola ayikasuswa ngokupheleleyo.
● Ukungahlambi ngokwaneleyo
Umlinganiselo ongonelanga wesepha, ubushushu bokuhlamba obuphantsi kakhulu, kunye nexesha elifutshane kakhulu lokuhlamba kukhokelela ekuboleni okungaphelelanga kokungcola okufana nothuli, igrisi, kunye nokubila kumphezulu welinen. Ubunzima bamanzi amaninzi (i-calcium kunye ne-magnesium ions) zenza lula ityuwa ye-calcium-magnesium ngexesha lokuhlamba, enamathela kumphezulu welinen ize iwususe ekukhanyeni kwayo kwasekuqaleni.
● Ukufakwa kwezinto eziseleyo
Ukungcola kweesepha okanye ukuhlanjwa ngokwaneleyo emva kokuhlamba kunokushiya iintsalela zezinto zesepha, ezifana nee-surfactants kunye ne-anti-precipitants. Ezi ntsalela zidibana nothuli oluphuma emoyeni, ziqokeleleke ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwaye zibangele ukuba ilinen ibe ngwevu. Ukongeza, ukungcola okuseleyo ngaphakathi kwidrama yokomisa ngexesha lenkqubo yokomisa kunokubangela ungcoliseko lwesibini lwelinen.
Iingxaki zoBumthubi
Izizathu zokuba tyheli zahlukile kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Abantu kufuneka bachonge iintlobo zamabala.
● Ukutyheli kwelinen yehotele
Ibangelwa kakhulu ziziphako ezininzi zemihla ngemihla: iziphako zegazi, iziphako zomchamo (kwiingubo zokulala nakwiindawo zokulala), iziphako zeziqhamo, iziphako zewayini (kwiingubo zokulala kunye neenapkin), iziphako zokuhombisa (kwiitawuli nakwiindawo zokulala), kunye neziphako zeinki.
Ukuba la mabala awaphathwanga kakuhle ngexesha elifanelekileyo, aya kwenza amabala atyheli aqinileyo kwilinen. Ngaphezu koko, ukuvezwa emoyeni ixesha elide kuya kubangela ukuba anyibilike aze abe mnyama. Ngelo xesha, kunzima ngakumbi ukuwasusa.
● Ukutyheli kwelinen yezonyango
Inxulunyaniswa kakhulu namabala anxulumene neenkqubo zonyango: indle yesigulana, iintsalela zamayeza, amabala okubulala iintsholongwane asekelwe kwi-iodophor, kunye namabala avela kwiisanitizers zezandla ezingenamanzi. La mabala anemixube enzima, kwaye amanye aqulethe izinto ezinamandla zokuxoza. Abangela ukuba kube tyheli kwaye ayichaphazele kakubi indlela esebenza ngayo le ndlela ilandelayo yokuhlanjwa kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane.
Izisombululo
Ukusombulula ubumdaka kunye nobutyheli, kufuneka iimveliso zobungcali zokufunxa ukuze kususwe amabala kwaye kukhanye ilinen ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo. Iimveliso ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka umgubo we-oxygen bleach kunye nomgubo we-chlorine bleach.
● Umgubo we-oksijini ye-bleach
- Iimpawu
Inemisebenzi enamandla: ukususa amabala, ukucoca, ukuhlambulula, ukubulala iintsholongwane, kunye nokucoca iintsholongwane.
Kwakhona, ithambile, kwaye ayonakalisi imicu yelaphu. Inokunyibilika okukhulu kwaye inamandla okulwa namanzi aqinileyo, kwaye iyawaphula ngokufanelekileyo amabala aqinileyo. Ifanelekile ngakumbi kwilinen emhlophe okanye enombala okhanyayo ukubuyisela ubumhlophe bayo.
- Iimeko ezisebenzayo
Ukususwa kwamabala kunye nokutyhilwa kwebala elimhlophe kwiihotele, kwiifektri, kwizibhedlele, kumaziko karhulumente, nakwezinye iindawo, ezifana namashiti okulala amhlophe, iidyasi zelebhu ezimhlophe, kunye neetawuli ezimhlophe.
- Idosi eqhelekileyo kunye nokusebenza
Ifanele isetyenziswe kumjikelo oyintloko wokuhlamba. Akukho mfuneko yesigaba esahlukileyo sokumhlophelisa.
Ubushushu bokuhlamba kufuneka bube kwi-70 ukuya kwi-80℃ → ixesha lokuhlamba ≥ imizuzu emi-5 → ukuhlamba okuphambili imizuzu esi-8 ukuya kweli-10 → yongeza i-10 ukuya kwi-50 grams kwi-10 kg yelaphu elomileyo ngokwezinga lokungcola → qhubeka uhlamba imizuzu esi-6 ukuya kwesi-8 → ukuhlamba → ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni → ukomisa.
● Umgubo we-chlorine bleach
- Iimpawu
Nangona isusa amabala kwaye iwafiphalisa, inokubolisa ukungcola okukhethekileyo ngokusebenzisa i-oxidation kunye ne-peptization. Oku kunceda ukuphucula isiphumo sokucoca sesepha. Inesiphumo sokususa esijolise ngqo, ngakumbi kumabala aqinileyo afana namabala egazi, amabala omchamo, kunye namabala e-iodophor.
Nangona kunjalo, umgubo we-chlorine bleach uneempawu ezinamandla zokuxilisa kwaye ufanelekela kuphela amalaphu amhlophe ekotoni. Akufanele isetyenziswe kwilinen enemibala okanye yefayibha yekhemikhali ukuthintela ukubuna.
- Iimeko ezisebenzayo
Ukususwa kwamabala aqinileyo kwilinen emhlophe yezonyango (umz., iidyasi ezimhlophe zelebhu, amashiti amhlophe ebhedi) kunye nelinen emhlophe yehotele (umz., amalaphu etafile amhlophe).
- Amanyathelo okusebenzisa
Umlinganiselo kunye nobushushu kufuneka kulawulwe ngokungqongqo ukuze kuthintelwe umonakalo wefayibha obangelwa kukuxinana okugqithisileyo okanye ubushushu obuphezulu.
Emva kokusetyenziswa, kufuneka uhlambulule ngokwaneleyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba i-chlorine ingangcolisi ilinen. Xa isetyenziswa nezinye izicoci, kufuneka zongezwe ngamaxesha athile ukuze kuthintelwe ukusabela kweekhemikhali okunokuchaphazela kakubi isiphumo sokucoca.
Isiphelo
Iifayibha zelinen ezonakeleyo, ubumdaka, kunye nobutyheli zinokubonakala ngathi yingxaki encinci. Enyanisweni, zibonisa izithuba kwiinkcukacha zenkqubo yokuhlamba. Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali, ukubekwa kweparameter yezixhobo, ukuchongwa kwamabala, kunye nokukhethwa kweemveliso zonke zinokubangela iingxaki ezixhaphakileyo ngenxa yokungakhathali kwikhonkco ngalinye. Kwiinkampani zokuhlamba impahla yelinen, inkqubo yolawulo oluvaliweyo oluvela "kukulandelela iingxaki - ukufanisa isisombululo - ukuphunyezwa okuqhelekileyo" kufuneka kusekwe. Kwelinye icala, iindawo zomngcipheko kwinkqubo yokuhlamba kufuneka zihlolwe rhoqo. Kwelinye icala, uqeqesho lwabasebenzi kufuneka luqiniswe ukuphucula amandla abasebenzi okuchonga iintlobo zamabala kunye nokuqonda imigaqo yokusetyenziswa kwemveliso.
Izixhobo zokuhlamba impahla ze-CLM, njengeqabane eliqeqeshiweyo kwishishini lokuhlamba impahla yelinen, aziboneleli nje kuphela ngezixhobo zokuhlamba impahla ezisebenzayo, kodwa zikwadibanisa neemeko zokuhlamba iimpahla zenkampani ukuze zibonelele ngesisombululo esidibeneyo sokucwangcisa, izixhobo, kunye nemigangatho yokusebenza. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa izinga lomonakalo welinen, ukuphucula umgangatho wokuhlamba impahla, kunye nokunciphisa amazinga okusebenza kweenkampani. Ukuba uhlangabezana neengxaki zokuhlamba impahla ezinzima kwimisebenzi esebenzayo, zive ukhululekile ukubonisana neqela lobuchwephesha le-CLM ukuze ufumane isikhokelo esijolise kuko.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-30-2025