Kwindawo yokuhlamba iimpahla, ukuqinisekisa ukucoceka kweelinen kubaluleke kakhulu, ngakumbi kwiindawo zonyango apho imigangatho yococeko ibaluleke kakhulu. Iinkqubo zokuhlamba itonela zibonelela ngezisombululo eziphambili zemisebenzi yokuhlamba iimpahla ezinkulu, kodwa indlela yokucoca esetyenzisiweyo inokuchaphazela kakhulu ukucoceka kweelinen. Iinkqubo zokuhlamba itonela zisebenzisa izinto ezimbini eziphambili zokucoca: "ukungena okukodwa kunye nokuphuma kunye" kunye "ne-counter-current rising."
Isakhiwo "sokungena okukodwa kunye nokuphuma kunye" kubandakanya igumbi ngalinye lokuhlambela eliyilwe kunye neendawo zokungena zamanzi ezizimeleyo kunye neendawo zokuphuma. Le ndlela, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "single entry and single exit structure," iyasebenza ekugcineni ucoceko. Isebenza kumgaqo ofana nenkqubo yokuhlanjululwa kwesithathu esetyenziswe kumatshini wokuhlamba ozimeleyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba igumbi ngalinye linamanzi ahlambulukileyo angenayo kunye nokuphuma, okunceda ukuhlanjululwa kakuhle kweelinen. Olu luyilo lukhethwa ngokukodwa kwiiwasha zetonela yezonyango.
Iilinen zonyango zihlelwe ngokweendidi ezine eziphambili: iimpahla zesigulane, iimpahla zokusebenza (kuquka iidyasi ezimhlophe), izinto zokulala kunye nezinto zotyando. Ezi ndidi zineempawu ezahlukileyo ngokubhekiselele kumbala kunye nezinto eziphathekayo. Umzekelo, iidrapes zotyando zihlala ziluhlaza nzulu kwaye zithambekele ekufipheleni umbala kunye nokuchithwa kwe-lint ngexesha lokuhlamba okuphambili kunye neearhente zokufudumeza kunye neekhemikhali. Ukuba i-counter-current structure isetyenzisiweyo, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe amanzi okuhlamba, aqukethe i-lint kunye ne-residus yombala, inokungcolisa iilinen ezimhlophe. Oku kungcoliseka okunqamlezayo kunokukhokelela kwiilinen ezimhlophe ezifumana i-tint eluhlaza kunye ne-drapes eluhlaza yotyando edityaniswe nelinen emhlophe. Ke ngoko, ukugcina imigangatho ephezulu yokucoceka kunye nococeko, imisebenzi yokuhlamba impahla yezonyango kufuneka yamkele "ukungena okukodwa kunye nokuphuma okukodwa" kwesakhiwo sokuhlamba.
Kulo lwakhiwo, amanzi okuhlanjululwa kwi-drapes yokuhlinzwa alawulwa ngokwahlukileyo ukukhusela ukungcola. Amanzi asetyenziselwa ukuhlamba iidrapes zotyando angaphinda asetyenziswe ukuhlamba ezinye iidrapes zotyando, hayi iilinen ezimhlophe okanye ezinye iintlobo. Olu lwahlulo luqinisekisa ukuba uhlobo ngalunye lwelinen lugcina umbala walo kunye nokucoceka.
Ngaphezu koko, ukuphumeza iindlela ezimbini zokuhambisa amanzi kubalulekile kulawulo olululo lwamanzi. Enye indlela kufuneka iqondise amanzi kwitanki yokugcina ukuze aphinde asetyenziswe, ngelixa enye kufuneka ikhokelele kumjelo ophantsi komhlaba ohambisa amanzi amdaka. Umatshini wokushicilela osetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuhlamba kufuneka kwakhona ube neendlela ezimbini zamanzi: enye yokuqokelela itanki yokugcina kunye neyokulahla ugutyulo. Le nkqubo ibini ivumela ukuchithwa ngokukhawuleza kwamanzi anemibala kumjelo ohambisa amanzi amdaka, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayixubani namanzi angenakuphinda asetyenziswe angenambala, angaqokelelwa kwitanki yokugcina ukusetyenziswa okulandelayo. Le nkqubo yandisa iinzame zokulondoloza amanzi kwaye igcina umgangatho weelinen.
Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yale nkqubo kukubandakanywa kokucoca ilint. Esi sihluzo siyilelwe ukususa iintsinga ezilukiweyo emanzini, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi aphinda asetyenziswa xa kuhlanjwa akanazingcolisi. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi ekugcineni umgangatho wokuhlamba ilinen enemibala emininzi.
Nangona izakhiwo zokuhlanjululwa kwe-counter-current zingasetyenziselwa ukuhlamba iilinen ezinemibala eyahlukeneyo, zibeka imingeni ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kakuhle kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ukuhlamba imibala eyahlukeneyo ngokulandelelana ngaphandle kokukhupha amanzi okanye ukuhlukana ngokucokisekileyo kunokukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Ukuthomalalisa oku, iindawo zokuhlambela iimpahla zonyango ezinemithamo ephezulu kunye neewasha zeetonela ezininzi zinokucwangcisa imisebenzi yazo ukuze zahlule iilinen zotyando ezinemibala kwezinye iintlobo zokulala. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuba iilinen zombala omnye zihlanjwa kunye, zivumela ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi okusebenzayo kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla okubalulekileyo.
Ukwamkela "ukungena okukodwa kunye nokuphuma okukodwa" kwisakhiwo sokuhlamba kwi-tunnel ye-tunnel washers kwandisa ukucoceka kweelinen kunye nococeko kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okuzinzileyo. Ngokulawula ngononophelo inkqubo yokuhlanjululwa kunye nokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokuhluza eziphambili, imisebenzi yokuhlamba impahla yezonyango inokufikelela kwimigangatho ephezulu yokucoceka ngelixa kulungiswa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-16-2024