Kwicandelo lokuhlamba impahla kwimizi-mveliso, ukuqinisekisa ukucoceka kweelineni kubaluleke kakhulu, ingakumbi kwiindawo zonyango apho imigangatho yococeko ibaluleke kakhulu. Iinkqubo zokuhlamba iilineni zibonelela ngezisombululo eziphambili kwimisebenzi emikhulu yokuhlamba impahla, kodwa indlela yokuhlamba esetyenzisiweyo inokuchaphazela kakhulu ukucoceka kweelineni. Iinkqubo zokuhlamba iilineni zisebenzisa izakhiwo ezimbini eziphambili zokuhlamba: "ukungena okukodwa kunye nokuphuma okukodwa" kunye "nokuhlamba okuchasene nombane."
Isakhiwo "sokungena kunye nokuphuma okukodwa" siquka igumbi ngalinye lokuhlamba elenziwe ngeendawo zokungena zamanzi ezizimeleyo kunye neendawo zokuphuma. Le ndlela, eyaziwa ngokuba "sisakhiwo sokungena kunye nokuphuma okukodwa," iyasebenza ekugcineni ucoceko. Isebenza ngomgaqo ofana nenkqubo yokuhlamba kathathu esetyenziswa koomatshini bokuhlamba abazimeleyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba igumbi ngalinye linokungena kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi amatsha, okunceda ekuhlambeni kakuhle amalaphu. Olu yilo lukhethwa ngakumbi kwii-washers zezonyango.
Iilinen zonyango zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezine eziphambili: iimpahla zesigulana, iimpahla zomsebenzi (kuquka iidyasi ezimhlophe), izinto zokulala, kunye nezinto zotyando. Ezi ndidi zineempawu ezahlukileyo ngokwemibala kunye nezinto ezenziwe ngazo. Umzekelo, iilaphu zotyando zihlala ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye zinokuphelelwa ngumbala kwaye zichitheke ngexesha lokuhlamba okuphambili ngee-agents zokufudumeza kunye neekhemikhali. Ukuba kusetyenziswa isakhiwo sokuhlamba esichasene nombane, amanzi okuhlamba asetyenzisiweyo, aqulethe iintsalela zelinen kunye nombala, anokungcolisa iilinen ezimhlophe. Oku kungcolisa okunqamlezileyo kunokukhokelela ekubeni iilinen ezimhlophe zifumane umbala oluhlaza kwaye iilaphu zotyando eziluhlaza zincamathiselwe i-lint emhlophe. Ke ngoko, ukugcina imigangatho ephezulu yococeko kunye nococeko, imisebenzi yokuhlamba impahla yezonyango kufuneka isebenzise isakhiwo sokuhlamba "sokungena kunye nokuphuma okukodwa".
Kule sakhiwo, amanzi okuhlamba iithayile zotyando alawulwa ngokwahlukeneyo ukuthintela ukungcoliseka okunqamlezileyo. Amanzi asetyenziselwa ukuhlamba iithayile zotyando anokusetyenziswa kwakhona kuphela ekuhlambeni ezinye iithayile zotyando, kungekhona iilinen ezimhlophe okanye ezinye iintlobo. Olu hlulo luqinisekisa ukuba uhlobo ngalunye lwelinen lugcina umbala walo kunye nococeko olucetywayo.
Ngaphezu koko, ukusebenzisa iindlela ezimbini zokukhupha amanzi kubalulekile ekulawuleni kakuhle amanzi. Enye indlela kufuneka iqondise amanzi kwitanki yokugcina amanzi ukuze asetyenziswe kwakhona, ngelixa enye kufuneka ikhokelele kumjelo wamanzi amdaka. Umatshini wokucoca osetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuhlamba amanzi kufuneka ube neendlela ezimbini zamanzi: enye yokuqokelela itanki yokugcina amanzi kunye nenye yokulahla amanzi amdaka. Le nkqubo imbini ivumela ukulahlwa kwamanzi amdaka ngoko nangoko kumjelo wamanzi amdaka, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akadibani namanzi angasetyenziswayo kwakhona, anokuqokelelwa kwitanki yokugcina amanzi ukuze asetyenziswe kamva. Le nkqubo ikhulisa imizamo yokonga amanzi kwaye igcina umgangatho welinen.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kule nkqubo kukufakwa kwesihluzi se-lint. Esi sihluzi senzelwe ukususa imicu yelaphu emanzini, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi asetyenziswa kwakhona kwinkqubo yokuhlamba awanazo izinto ezingcolisayo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni umgangatho wokuhlamba ilinen enemibala emininzi.
Nangona izakhiwo zokuhlamba ezichasene nomsinga zingasetyenziselwa ukuhlamba iilinen ezinemibala eyahlukeneyo, zibangela imingeni ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kakuhle nasekusetyenzisweni kwamandla. Ukuhlamba imibala eyahlukeneyo ngokulandelelana ngaphandle kokukhupha amanzi okanye ukwahlulwa kunokubangela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okwandisiweyo kunye nokusebenza okunciphileyo. Ukunciphisa oku, iindawo zokuhlamba iimpahla zonyango ezinemithamo ephezulu kunye nee-washer ezininzi ze-tunnel zinokucwangcisa imisebenzi yazo yokwahlula iilinen zotyando ezinemibala kwezinye iintlobo zeebhedi. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuba iilinen ezinombala omnye zihlanjwa kunye, okuvumela ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwamanzi ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokonga amandla okukhulu.
Ukusebenzisa indlela yokuhlamba impahla "yokungena kunye nokuphuma okukodwa" kwii-washers zonyango kuphucula ucoceko kunye nococeko lwelinen kwaye kukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye namandla okuzinzileyo. Ngokulawula ngononophelo inkqubo yokuhlamba kunye nokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokucoca eziphambili, imisebenzi yokuhlamba impahla yezonyango inokufikelela kwimigangatho ephezulu yococeko ngelixa iphucula ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-16-2024