Uhlalutyo lweMarike yokuhlamba impahla yaseTshayina

Ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezileyo loqoqosho lwaseTshayina, amashishini ezokhenketho kunye neehotele aphumelele, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu imakethi yokuhlamba ilineni. Njengoko imeko yezoqoqosho yaseTshayina iqhubeka nokutshintsha, amacandelo ahlukeneyo ayakhula, kwaye imakethi yokuhlamba ilineni ayifani. Eli nqaku liza kujonga iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zemakethi yokuhlamba ilineni yaseTshayina, lihlola ukukhula kwayo, iindlela zayo, kunye namathuba exesha elizayo.

1. Ubungakanani beMarike kunye noKhulo

Ukusukela ngo-2020, ubungakanani bemarike yeshishini lolwazi lokuhlamba impahla eTshayina bufikelele kwi-RMB eziibhiliyoni eziyi-8.5, kunye nesantya sokukhula se-8.5%. Ubungakanani bemarike yezixhobo zokuhlamba impahla bebumalunga ne-RMB eziibhiliyoni eziyi-2.5, kunye nesantya sokukhula se-10.5%. Ubungakanani bemarike yezesepha bebumalunga ne-RMB eziibhiliyoni ezi-3, bukhula nge-7%, ngelixa imarike yezinto ezisetyenziswayo nayo imi kwi-RMB eziibhiliyoni ezi-3, inyuka nge-6%. La manani abonisa ukuba ubungakanani bemarike yeshishini lolwazi lokuhlamba impahla eTshayina buyaqhubeka nokukhula, bugcina isantya sokukhula esiphezulu kwaye bubonisa amandla amakhulu eshishini.

Ukwanda okuqhubekekayo kobukhulu bemarike kubonisa imfuno ekhulayo yeenkonzo zokuhlamba amalaphu eTshayina. Le mfuno iqhutywa zizinto ezininzi, kuquka ukunyuka kwemigangatho yokuphila, ukwanda kwamacandelo ezokhenketho kunye neendwendwe, kunye nokwanda kolwazi ngococeko kunye nococeko. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubungakanani bemarike buqhubekile nokukhula ngokuthe chu, nto leyo ebonisa imeko eqinileyo yeli shishini.

2. Imarike yeZixhobo zokuhlamba

Ngokuphathelele izixhobo zokuhlamba, malunga nowama-2010, abahlambisi beetonela baqala ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zokuhlamba iimpahla zaseTshayina. Abahlambisi beetonela, abaziwa ngokusebenza kakuhle nangobuchule babo, baye batshintsha ishishini lokuhlamba impahla. Ukususela ngo-2015 ukuya ku-2020, inani labahlambisi beetonela abasebenza eTshayina liqhubekile nokunyuka, kunye nokukhula konyaka okungaphezulu kwe-20%, kufikelela kwiiyunithi ezingama-934 ngo-2020. Olu hambo lokukhula lugxininisa ukuxhomekeka okwandayo kubuchwepheshe bokuhlamba obuphambili kushishino.

Njengoko imeko yobhubhane yayisiba ngcono kancinci kancinci, inani lee-tunnel washers ezisebenzayo kwishishini lokuhlamba ilinen eTshayina libone ukukhula okukhawulezileyo ngo-2021, lifikelela kwiiyunithi ezili-1,214, izinga lokukhula konyaka malunga nama-30%. Oku kunyuka kunokubangelwa kukugxininiswa okuphezulu kococeko nococeko emva kobhubhane. Iindawo zokuhlamba iimpahla kunye neendawo zokuhlamba iimpahla zityale imali eninzi ekuphuculeni izixhobo zazo ukuze zihlangabezane nemigangatho emitsha kunye neemfuno.

Ukwamkelwa kwee-tunnel washers kuzise iingenelo ezininzi kwishishini. Ezi matshini ziyakwazi ukuphatha iimpahla ezininzi ngokufanelekileyo, zinciphisa ixesha kunye nomsebenzi ofunekayo ekuhlambeni. Ukongeza, zibonelela ngokusebenzisa amanzi kakuhle kunye namandla, zinegalelo ekongeni iindleko kunye nokuzinza kokusingqongileyo. Njengoko iindawo ezininzi zokuhlamba iimpahla zisebenzisa ezi matshini ziphambili, imveliso iyonke kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweshishini kuza kuphucuka.

3. Imveliso Yasekhaya Yezixhobo Zokuhlamba

Ngaphezu koko, ukususela ngo-2015 ukuya ku-2020, izinga lemveliso yasekhaya yezixhobo zokuhlamba imigudu kwishishini lokuhlamba imigudu laseTshayina linyuke ngokuthe chu, lafikelela kwi-84.2% ngo-2020. Ukuphucuka okuqhubekayo kwinqanaba lemveliso yasekhaya yezixhobo zokuhlamba imigudu kubonisa ukuvuthwa kwetekhnoloji yezixhobo zokuhlamba imigudu zaseTshayina, okuqinisekisa ukubonelelwa kwezixhobo zokuhlamba ezisemgangathweni ophezulu. Olu phuhliso lubonelela ngesiseko esiqinileyo sokukhula kweshishini lokuhlamba imigudu laseTshayina.

Ukwanda kwemveliso yasekhaya bubungqina bokukhula kwezakhono zaseTshayina ekwenzeni izixhobo zokuhlamba eziphucukileyo. Abavelisi basekuhlaleni batyale imali kuphando nophuhliso ukuze baphucule iimveliso zabo kwaye bahlangabezane nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. Olu tshintsho oluya kwimveliso yasekhaya alunciphisi nje kuphela ukuxhomekeka kwizinto ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe kodwa lukwakhuthaza ubuchule kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ngaphakathi kweli lizwe.

4. Uphuhliso lweTekhnoloji kunye noBuchule

Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji ludlale indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni imakethi yokuhlamba impahla yaseTshayina. Abavelisi baqhubeka nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha ukuze baphuhlise oomatshini bokuhlamba impahla abasebenzayo, abathembekileyo, nabanobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Ezi zinto zintsha zikhokelele ekuphuculeni okukhulu kwiinkqubo zokuhlamba impahla, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiziphumo ezingcono kunye nolwaneliseko oluphezulu lwabathengi.

Enye inkqubela ephawulekayo kukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obukrelekrele kwiimashini zokuhlamba. Izixhobo zokuhlamba zanamhlanje zixhotyiswe ngee-sensors kunye neenkqubo zokulawula eziphucula imijikelo yokuhlamba ngokusekwe kuhlobo kunye nomthwalo wempahla yokuhlamba. Ezi mpawu zikrelekrele ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokuhlamba, zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye namandla.

Ngaphezu koko, uphuhliso lweesepha kunye neearhente zokucoca ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo nalo luye lwanegalelo ekukhuleni kwemarike. Abavelisi bagxile ekuveliseni iisepha ezingapheleli nje ekucoceni kodwa nezikhuselekileyo kukusingqongileyo. Ezi mveliso zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo ziya zithandwa ngabathengi abaqaphela ngakumbi indlela ezisebenza ngayo kukusingqongileyo.

5. Impembelelo ye-COVID-19

Ubhubhane we-COVID-19 ube nefuthe elikhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kwaye imakethi yokuhlamba impahla ayifani. Ukugxininiswa kakhulu kucoceko nococeko kuye kwabangela imfuno yeenkonzo zokuhlamba impahla, ngakumbi kumacandelo afana nokhathalelo lwempilo, ukwamkela iindwendwe, kunye neenkonzo zokutya. Oku kunyuka kwemfuno kuye kwabangela ukuba amashishini okuhlamba impahla atyale imali kwizixhobo zokuhlamba iimpahla eziphambili kunye nobuchwepheshe ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemigangatho yococeko engqongqo.

Ukongeza, ubhubhane ukhawulezise ukwamkelwa kwezisombululo zokuhlamba ezingenakuthintana kunye nezokuzihlamba ngokuzenzekelayo. Amashishini okuhlamba impahla aqhubeka nokufaka izinto ezizenzekelayo ukunciphisa ukungenelela kwabantu kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wongcoliseko. Ezi nkqubo ezizenzekelayo ziqinisekisa iinkqubo zokuhlamba ezifanelekileyo nezicocekileyo, zibonelela ngoxolo lwengqondo kubathengi.

6. Imingeni kunye namathuba

Nangona imakethi yokuhlamba impahla eTshayina inika amathuba amaninzi, ikwajongene nemingeni ethile. Enye yemingeni ephambili kukunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto ezikrwada kunye namandla. Abavelisi kufuneka bafumane iindlela zokuphucula iinkqubo zabo zemveliso kunye nokunciphisa iindleko ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni umgangatho. Oku kufuna uphuhliso oluqhubekayo kunye nokuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle.

Omnye umceli mngeni kukukhula kokhuphiswano kwimarike. Njengoko imfuno ekhulayo yeenkonzo zokuhlamba impahla, abadlali abaninzi bangena kweli shishini, nto leyo eqinisa ukhuphiswano. Ukuze zihlale ziphambili, iinkampani kufuneka zahlule ngomgangatho ophezulu, iimveliso ezintsha, kunye nenkonzo yabathengi egqwesileyo.

Nangona kukho le mingeni, imakethi inika amathuba abalulekileyo okukhula. Ukwanda kodidi oluphakathi eTshayina, kunye nokwanda kolwazi ngococeko nococeko, kubonelela ngesiseko esikhulu sabathengi kwiinkonzo zokuhlamba amalaphu. Ukongeza, umkhwa okhulayo wokuthumela iinkonzo zokuhlamba impahla ngaphandle kwiihotele, izibhedlele kunye nezinye iziko ubonelela ngoluhlu oluqhubekayo lweshishini kwiindawo zokuhlamba impahla.

7. Amathemba Exesha Elizayo

Xa sijonga phambili, ikamva lemarike yokuhlamba impahla yaseTshayina libonakala lithembisa. Eli shishini kulindeleke ukuba liqhubeke nokukhula kwalo, liqhutywa kukwanda kwemfuno yeenkonzo zokuhlamba impahla kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe. Abavelisi banokutyala imali ngakumbi kuphando nophuhliso ukuze baphuhlise izisombululo ezintsha ezihlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi ezitshintshayo.

Ngaphezu koko, ukugxila ekuzinzeni nasekugcinweni kwendalo kulindeleke ukuba kuyile ikamva lemarike. Njengoko abathengi beqonda ngakumbi ngempembelelo yabo kwindalo, kuya kubakho imfuno ekhulayo yezisombululo zokuhlamba ezilungele indalo. Abavelisi kuya kufuneka babeke phambili uzinzo kuphuhliso lwemveliso yabo kunye nemisebenzi yabo ukuze bahlangabezane nale mfuno.

Ukuqukumbela, imakethi yokuhlamba impahla yaseTshayina ikhule kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iqhutywa kukwanda kwamacandelo ezokhenketho kunye neendwendwe, ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, kunye nokwanda kolwazi ngococeko kunye nococeko. Ubungakanani bemakethi buyaqhubeka nokukhula, kwaye ukwamkelwa kwezixhobo zokuhlamba eziphambili ezifana nezihlambi zemigudu kuyanda. Ukwanda kwemveliso yasekhaya yezixhobo zokuhlamba impahla kubonisa ukukhula kwamandla okuvelisa impahla eTshayina.

Nangona imakethi ijongene nemingeni efana nokunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nokhuphiswano olukhulayo, ikwanika amathuba amaninzi okukhula. Ikamva leshishini libonakala lithembisa, kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kunye nokugxila okukhulayo ekuzinzeni. Njengoko imakethi ikhula, abavelisi kunye nababoneleli ngeenkonzo kufuneka bahlale bekhawuleza kwaye benobuchule ukuze basebenzise amathuba kwaye bahlangabezane neemfuno ezitshintshayo zabathengi.