Njengoncedo olubalulekileyo kwizibhedlele, umgangatho welinen yezonyangoimpahla yokuhlamba impahlakwaye ukubulala iintsholongwane kuchaphazela ngqo impilo yabasebenzi bezonyango kunye nezigulane kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuthintela nokulawula usulelo lwesibhedlele. Ukuqhubela phambili uphuhliso oluqhelekileyo lwezonyangoimboni yokuhlamba impahla yelinenkwaye icacisa imigangatho yokusebenza kweshishini, eli nqaku liqokelela imigangatho yovavanyo oluphambili kunye namanyathelo onyango oluphambili njengokhetho lobuchwephesha kubasebenzi beshishini kunye namaziko ezonyango.
Qinisa iSiseko seNkqubo
Umsebenzi ophambili kukuseka inkqubo yolawulo epheleleyo neyobungcali. Amaziko ezonyango kunye neenkampani zokuhlamba iimpahla kufuneka ziseke inkqubo yeziko enokugubungela iinkalo ezininzi ngokusekelwe kumjikelo wobomi bonke bokuhlamba impahla kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kwimpahla yezonyango.
Le nkqubo ibandakanya ngokukodwa:
- Inkqubo yokusebenza yokuhlamba amalaphu ezonyango kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane
- Inkqubo yolawulo lwengqokelela ehleliweyo
- Inkqubo yokujonga umgangatho wococeko kunye nokuhlola ukuhlamba kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane
- Inkqubo yokulawula ukugcinwa kwelaphu ecocekileyo
- Inkqubo yokusebenza yokhuseleko
- Izixhobo kunye neenkqubo zokucoca ucoceko lokusingqongileyo
- Uxanduva lomsebenzi kunye nenkqubo yokukhusela abasebenzi emsebenzini
Ulwakhiwo olucwangcisiweyo lweziko lunokuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho ilawula zonke iindlela zokusebenza. Oku kuqinisekisa umgangatho wokuhlamba ilinen yezonyango ukusuka kumthombo.
Qinisa uKhuselo
Iingcali kushishino lokuhlamba impahla ngabona basebenzayo kwimisebenzi yokuhlamba impahla yelinen yezonyango. Ukhuseleko lwabo aluchaphazeli impilo yabo kuphela kodwa lukwathintela ngempumelelo ukosuleleka kwabantu abaninzi. Ngexesha lotyando, abantu kufuneka balandele ngokungqongqo iimfuno zokhuseleko.
● Indlela yokunxiba
Abasebenzi mabagcine ilokhwe yabo icocekile kwaye batshintshe iimpahla zabo zokusebenza rhoqo. Akuvumelekanga ukunxiba izihlangu zomsebenzi xa usemsebenzini, kwaye umntu akufuneki angene kwindawo yokutyela, kwindawo yentlanganiso, okanye aphume kwindawo yokusebenza enxibe iimpahla zomsebenzi.
● Izixhobo zokukhusela
Xa uqokelela ilinen engcolileyo kwaye usasaza ilinen ecocekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukunxiba iiglavu zokuzikhusela, iimaski, kunye neminqwazi ngokufanelekileyo kwaye unxibe iimpahla zomsebenzi ezikhethekileyo ukuvala ngokupheleleyo iindlela zokunxibelelana nongcoliseko.
● Ulawulo olucocekileyo lwezandla
Abasebenzi kufuneka bagcine izandla zabo zicocekile nangaliphi na ixesha, ngoko ke kufuneka bahlambe izandla zabo okanye babulale iintsholongwane ezandleni zabo ngokweenkqubo ezisemgangathweni ukuze kususwe umngcipheko wokudluliselwa kwesandla kunye nosulelo.
Ukwahlulahlula kunye nokuLahla iSayensi
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zelinen yezonyango, kwaye amanqanaba okungcola kwazo kunye neengozi zosulelo zahlukile. Ukwahlulwa ngokwesayensi yeyona nto iphambili ekuphepheni usulelo oluhambelanayo.
● Ilineni engcolileyo eqhelekileyo
Abasebenzi kufuneka baqokelele ilinen engcolileyo kwindawo ekhethiweyo. Ilinen akufuneki ihlulwe kwiipaseji zesibhedlele, kwiindlela, nakwezinye iindawo zikawonke-wonke. Emva kokuqokelelwa, ilinen engcolileyo kufuneka ibekwe kwisikhongozeli esifihliweyo kwaye ihanjiswe ngomgca okhethekileyo. Ilinen kufuneka ilandele umthetho othi "ingcolile ukuya ekucocekeni" kwaye iphephe ukubuyela umva. Kwakhona, isikhongozeli sokuhambisa kunye nezithuthi zelinen ecocekileyo kunye nelinen engcolileyo kufuneka zahlulwe ngokucacileyo kwaye ziphawulwe. Emva kokusetyenziswa, kufuneka kucocwe ngoko nangoko kwaye kubulawe iintsholongwane.
Akuvumelekanga ngokupheleleyo ukwenza imisebenzi yokugcina impahla kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke ezifana neepaseji zesibhedlele kunye neendlela zokuhamba.
● Ilineni ekhethekileyo engcolileyo
Ilineni engcoliswe ligazi okanye ulwelo lomzimba kunye neempahla ezisetyenziswa zizigulane ezinezifo ezosulelayo kufuneka zibekwe ngokwahlukeneyo kwaye zivalwe kwiingxowa zokupakisha ezinemigangatho emibini. Iileyibhile zongcoliseko ezicacileyo kufuneka ziphawulwe ngaphandle kweengxowa zokupakisha ukuze zifumane unyango olukhethekileyo kwixesha elizayo.
● Iimfuneko zokugcina izinto ezihleliweyo
Iimpahla zabasebenzi, iimpahla zezigulane, kunye neebhedi, ilinen ekhethekileyo yamagumbi otyando kufuneka zibekwe ecaleni ngokucacileyo, kwaye ukugcinwa okuxutyiweyo kufuneka kuthintelwe ngokungqongqo.
Ilineni ecocekileyo, ilineni engcolileyo, nezinye izinto ezinxulumene nayo kufuneka zibekwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwaye ngokweendidi ukuze kususwe amathuba okuba kubekho ungcoliseko oludibanisa indawo.
Ukuphucula Ucoceko Lwendalo Esingqongileyo
Ucoceko lokusingqongileyo kwindawo yokuhlamba impahla luphambili kwi
Ucoceko lokusingqongileyo kwindawo yokuhlamba impahla luyimfuneko ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho wokuhlamba ilinen yezonyango. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ngokungqongqo inkqubo yococeko kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane. Iimfuno ezithile ziquka:
● Ukucoca imihla ngemihla kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane
Misela usuku olumiselweyo lokucoca indawo yokusebenza veki nganye. Ngeentsuku zeveki, iifestile mazivulwe rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kakuhle kwegazi. Indawo engcolileyo kufuneka ihlanjululwe ngezibane ze-UV yonke imihla, kwaye ukucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane ngamanzi kufuneka kwenziwe kabini ngemini.
Zonke iinkqubo zokubulala iintsholongwane kufuneka zibhalwe phantsi ngokweenkcukacha ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyalandeleka.
● Ulawulo lweSixhobo sokucoca
Izixhobo zokucoca kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo mazisetyenziswe ngokwahlukeneyo. Izixhobo ezifana neengubo zokugquma kunye neemophu mazihlulwe, zicocwe, zifakwe emanzini, kwaye zigcinwe kwiindawo ezizinzileyo.
Uphawu lwendawo kufuneka lucace ukuze kuthintelwe ukungcoliswa okubangelwa kukuxubana kwesixhobo.
Misela iNkqubo yokuhlamba impahla
Inkqubo yokuhlamba impahla kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane yeyona nto iphambili ekumiseleni umgangatho welinen yezonyango. Abasebenzi kufuneka balandele ngokungqongqo imithetho kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza zesayensi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ucoceko kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kwilinen kuyahlangabezana nemigangatho.
● Amabala angaphelelanga
Xa kunyangwa amabala angaphelelanga kwilinen, abantu kufuneka balandele imithetho yobungcali ethi “omileyo kuqala, emva koko kube manzi” kunye nethi “alkali kuqala, emva koko kube yi-asidi” ukuze kuthintelwe amabala aseleyo okanye umonakalo kwilinen obangelwa ziindlela zonyango ezingafanelekanga.
● Inkqubo yokubulala iintsholongwane kwimpahla
Ngokwenqanaba longcoliseko kunye nomngcipheko wosulelo, abasebenzi kufuneka basebenzise iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane.
- Iimpahla ezingcolisiweyo ngokuqhelekileyo:
Coca ukuze ususe ukungcola okungaphezulu → bulala iintsholongwane ngokuhlanjwa ngesibulali-ntsholongwane esine-chlorine engama-250mg/L ubuncinane imizuzu eli-10 → hlambulula kwaye ulungise ngokupheleleyo ukuze ususe intsalela yesibulali-ntsholongwane kwilinen.
- Ngokucacileyo iingubo ezingcolileyo:
Kwabo banegazi elibonakalayo, ulwelo lomzimba, ulwelo, okanye ukukhupha:
Susa izinto ezingcolisayo ezibonakalayo ngokuzihlamba → bulala iintsholongwane ngokuzihlamba nge-2000mg/L ye-chlorine ene-high-concentration chlorine-containing imizuzu engama-30 → ukuhlamba → ukuthambisa.
- Iimpahla ezingcoliswe kakhulu:
Kwabo bangcoliswe zizifo ezibangela ukubola kwegesi, izifo ezithwalwa ligazi, izifo ezisulelayo ezingaziwayo, iintsholongwane ze-mycobacteria, iintsholongwane zebhaktiriya, okanye izinto eziphilayo ezinganyangekiyo ngamayeza amaninzi (ii-MDRO), landela inkqubo engqongqo ethi “qala ngokucoca → phinda ucoce”.
sebenzisa i-2000mg/L ye-chlorine-containing disinfectant kangangemizuzu engama-≥30 → coca → bulala iintsholongwane kwakhona ukunciphisa iingozi zosulelo.
Cacisa uMgangatho woMgangatho
Iimpawu zeentsholongwane zeempahla ezicociweyo zibalulekile ekulinganiseni umgangatho wokuhlamba impahla. Kufuneka zihambelane ngokungqongqo nale migangatho ilandelayo.
- Iimpahla ezicociweyo mazigcinwe zomile, zicocekile, kwaye zingabi nanto.
- IiColiforms kunye neStaphylococcus aureus akufuneki zifunyanwe kwiimvavanyo zeentsholongwane.
- Inani lilonke leebhaktheriya kufuneka lilawulwe ngaphakathi koluhlu lwe-≤200 cfu/cm².
Ezi mfuno ziqinisekisa ukuba yonke into yelinen yezonyango iyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo.
Ukukhethwa kweParamitha yoBugcisa
Ukuze kuphuculwe ngakumbi ukuchaneka kunye nenqanaba lokulinganisa ukuhlamba ilinen yezonyango, iiparameter zokusebenza eziphambili zeli shishini zihlelwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo ukuze kusetyenziswe iingcali.
Uhlu kunye neendlela zonyango lwelinen yesibhedlele
| Ulwahlulo | Iimpawu zongcoliseko | Amanqaku abalulekileyo okuhlamba | Iisepha zokucoca ezisetyenzisiweyo | Amagqabaza |
| Iingubo zotyando, ilokhwe kunye nelinen ye-hemostatic | Ngokuyintloko amabala egazi kunye nokukhupha ulwelo ebantwini | Ukususwa kwegazi, ukubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokucoca igazi | Isicoci esikhethekileyo seengubo zotyando, isicoci segazi esizinikeleyo | |
| Iingubo zezigulane, impahla yosana | Amabala okubila athambileyo, amabala egazi ngamanye amaxesha | Ukucoca, ukubulala iintsholongwane kunye nonyango lokulwa neentsholongwane | Isithambisi-ntsholongwane | Ukuba umthamo wokuhlamba umncinci, unokudityaniswa nezinye iindidi, kodwa kufuneka ulungiswe ngokwahlukileyo emva kokunyangwa. |
| Iiyunifomu zomsebenzi zoogqirha | Amabala okubila/oyile amaninzi (iikhola kunye neekhafu) + amabala ahlukeneyo amayeza | Ukucoca, ukubulala iintsholongwane kunye nonyango oluchasene nokumelana ne-static | Isithambisi esichasene nokungashukumi | Kwizibatha zamayeza ezingasuswayo, zinyange nganye nganye ngee-arhente ezikhethekileyo ngexesha lokugoba |
| Izinto Zokulala Eziqhelekileyo (Amabala Okubila) | Ngokuyintloko ngamabala okubila kunye nokungcola okusekelwe kumafutha ebantwini | Ukucoca, ukubulala iintsholongwane | Isisusi-mabala segazi esizinikeleyo, i-neutralizer | |
| Izinto Zokulala (Amabala Egazi) | Amabala egazi amadala omileyo kakhulu | Ukususwa kwegazi, ukususwa kweentsholongwane kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane | Isisusi-mabala egazi, i-neutralizer | |
| Izinto ezahlukeneyo | Uthuli, ubumdaka, isanti | Ukucoca | Isicoci sempahla esiqhelekileyo |
Itshati yobushushu bokuhlamba kunye nexesha
| Ubushushu | Ixesha | Amanqaku |
| 70°C | imizuzu engama-25 | Ixesha lokuhlamba liqala emva kokuba kufinyelelwe kubushushu obuchaziweyo, kwaye obu bushushu kufuneka bugcinwe lonke ixesha. |
| 75°C | imizuzu engama-20 | |
| 85°C | imizuzu eli-15 | |
| 90°C | imizuzu eli-10 |
Itshathi yeNkqubo yokuHlamba iMpahla yoMsebenzi kaGqirha
| Inombolo yothotho | Inkqubo | Inqanaba lamanzi | Ubushushu | Ixesha (umzuzu) | Izongezo | Amanqaku |
| 1 | Iimpahla zokuthwala umthwalo | |||||
| 2 | Ukuhlamba Ngaphambi Kokuba Uhlambe | Phezulu | Ubushushu begumbi | 3 | ||
| 3 | Yongeza i-Detergent | Iphantsi | Ubushushu begumbi | Isepha ekhethekileyo | ||
| 4 | Yongeza i-Detergent | Iphantsi | Ubushushu begumbi | 15 | Isicoci seentsholongwane esikhethekileyo | Yongeza nge-additive port |
| 5 | Ukuhlamba okuPhambili | Iphantsi | 65°C | 75 | ||
| 6 | Pholisa ngamanzi abandayo | Phezulu | <45°C | 5 | Musa ukujikelezisa-ukukhupha amanzi xa kushushu kakhulu | |
| 7 | I-Spin-Drink | 3 | ||||
| 8 | Hlamba | Phezulu | Ubushushu begumbi | 3 | ||
| 9 | Hlamba | Phezulu | Ubushushu begumbi | 3 | I-Neutralizer (50g) | Kwimishini ezenzekelayo: hlambulula izihlandlo ezi-5; umthamo we-neutralizer: 300g~500g |
| 10 | Hlamba | Phezulu | 50°C | 3 | Isithambisi (200g) | |
| 11 | Ukujikeleza Okuphakathi | |||||
| 12 | Khulula umthwalo | Musa ukusebenzisa i-high-sp |
Itshati yokubhekisa kumaqondo obushushu bamanzi kunye neesepha zokucoca
| Inkqubo | Inqanaba lamanzi | Ubushushu | Ixesha (umzuzu) | Yongeza i-Detergent | Amanqaku |
| Iingubo Zotyando Ezinkulu |
4. Kwimpahla yosana kunye neengubo zesigulana, tshintsha imijikelo yesi-2 neyesi-3 ngokuhlamba kwangaphambili | ||||
| Susa amabala egazi | Phezulu | Ubushushu begumbi | 5 | ||
| Susa amabala egazi | Phezulu | Ubushushu begumbi | 5 | ||
| Yongeza i-Detergent | Iphantsi | Ubushushu begumbi | Isepha ekhethekileyo | ||
| Yongeza i-Detergent | Iphantsi | Ubushushu begumbi | Isicoci seentsholongwane esikhethekileyo | ||
| Ubushushu | Iphantsi | 85°C | |||
| Ukuhlamba okunobushushu obuphezulu | Iphantsi | 85°C | 35 | ||
| Ukujikeleza Okuphakathi | 3 | ||||
| Hlamba | Phezulu | Ubushushu begumbi | 3 | ||
| Hlamba | Phezulu | Ubushushu begumbi | 3 | Isithambisi-ntsholongwane (200g) | |
| Hlamba | |||||
| Ukujikeleza Okukhawulezayo | 3 | ||||
| Khulula umthwalo |
Isiphelo
Uphuhliso olusemgangathweni lweshishini lokuhlamba impahla yelinen yezonyango luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokusekwa kwenkonzo yezempilo yezonyango. Kwixesha elizayo, silindele ukuba amaziko kwishishini lokuhlamba impahla alandele ngokungqongqo imigangatho kwaye aphucule rhoqo inqanaba lobuchwephesha bokuhlamba nokubulala iintsholongwane. Sifanele sikhusele impilo nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi bezonyango kunye nezigulane.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-12-2025