Kwiindawo ezifana neehotele, iindawo zokutyela, izibhedlele, kunye noololiwe, ukusetyenziswa komqhaphu ococekileyoamalaphu amhlophe(amashiti okulala, iitawuli, amalaphu etafile, iinapkin...) inkulu kakhulu.ukuhlamba impahlaUmgangatho welinen enjalo unxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nomgangatho wenkonzo kunye neendleko zokusebenza. Njengekhonkco eliphambili lokususa ukungcola okuphazamisayo kunye nokubuyisela ubumhlophe bempahla, i-chlorine bleach ayidlali nje kuphela indima ebalulekileyo kwisiphumo sokuhlamba kodwa ikwanxulumene ngokusondeleyo nobomi benkonzo yempahla. Kwinkqubo ye-chlorine, ukuba ukusebenza akufanelekanga, kunokubangela umonakalo kwimicu yempahla. Emva kokuhlamba kaninzi, kunokubakho iingxaki ezifana nokungabi namandla kunye nomonakalo. Zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezinefuthe kubomi benkonzo yempahla.izityalo zokuhlamba impahla yelinen.
Lawula ngokuchanekileyo ixesha lokuhlamba kwaye uphephe imisebenzi engavumelekanga
Kwinkqubo yokuhlambulula, ixesha lokufunxa kufuneka lihambelane nepatheni yokukhululwa kwe-bleach. Idatha yeshishini ibonisa ukuba phantsi kobushushu obufanelekileyo bokufunxa kunye nexabiso le-pH eliyi-10.5, i-bleach iyanyibilika ngokulinganayo kwisisombululo sokuhlamba emva komzuzu omnye emva kokufakwa, kwaye i-chlorine ekhoyo iqala ukukhululwa ngokulinganayo emva koko. I-chlorine ikhutshwa ngokupheleleyo emva kwemizuzu eyi-6-8, kwaye uxinzelelo lwe-chlorine olukhoyo kwisisombululo lumalunga ne-10ppm ngeli xesha.
Ekubeni umxholo we-chlorine ekhoyo kufuneka ube ngaphantsi kwe-10ppm ngexesha lokukhupha amanzi, ukongeza ixesha lokudaya emva kokukhululwa ngokupheleleyo kwe-chlorine ekhoyo akuyi kuyiphucula impembelelo yokudaya. Endaweni yoko, kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokonakala. Ke ngoko, amashishini okuhlamba iimpahla kufuneka amisele ixesha lokudaya ngokuchanekileyo ngokusekelwe kule patheni ukuze kuthintelwe inkunkuma yezixhobo kunye nokulahleka kwelaphu okubangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle.
Ubushushu bokuGcoba ngeSayensi kunye neearhente zokuGcoba ezifanelekileyo
Xa bemisela iinkqubo zokufunxa, abantu kufuneka bakhethe i-bleach (i-chlorine bleach okanye i-oxygen bleach) ngokweempawu zelaphu kunye nemibala.
● I-chlorine bleach
Ulawulo lobushushu lubalulekile. Ukunyusa ubushushu besisombululo sokudaya kunokukhawulezisa isantya sokudaya kwaye kunciphise ixesha. Ngokubanzi, xa kukho ukunyuka kobushushu nge-10℃, ixesha lokudaya linokuncipha ngesiqingatha. Nangona kunjalo, ubushushu bokudaya kwe-chlorine kufuneka bulawulwe bube yi-≤ 65℃. Ngaphandle koko, kuya kubangela ukutyheli kwempahla kunye nokuncipha kokukhawuleza.
● I-oksijini exutyiweyo nge-oxygen bleach
Kungcono ukuba ubushushu bube phakathi kwama-70℃ nama-90℃ kuba abunakuqinisekisa kuphela imiphumo yokumhlopheka kodwa bunokunciphisa nemiphumo emibi kwimpahla elahliweyo.
Misela ngokufanelekileyo ukugxila kweBleach Bath ukuze ulinganisele impembelelo kunye neendleko
Ukukhethwa koxinzelelo lwebhafu ye-bleach kufuneka kunike isiphumo esihle sokuqaqamba, kodwa kukwakhusele nempahla yokunxiba ukuze kuthintelwe inkunkuma yezixhobo kunye nomonakalo wefayibha obangelwa luxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu. Le ndlela ibonisa ukuba ukuphucula umthamo we-chlorine bleach ngaphakathi koluhlu kunokuphucula iziphumo zokuqaqamba. Nangona kunjalo, xa umda ufikelelwe, nokuba uxinzelelo lunyukile, akuyi kubakho tshintsho lukhulu kwisiphumo.
● Kumanqanaba omhlaba ahlukeneyo, umxholo we-chlorine kwibhafu ye-bleach uyacetyiswa ukuba ulawulwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.
50mg/L kumhlaba olula (i-chlorine efumanekayo yi-50ppm)
75mg/L kumhlaba ophakathi (i-75ppm i-chlorine ekhoyo)
100-120mg/L kumhlaba onzima (i-chlorine engaphezulu kwe-100ppm ekhoyo)
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-chlorine olufumanekayo olungaphezulu kwe-120ppm lunciphise kakhulu ubomi benkonzo yelaphu.
Lungiselela ixabiso le-pH lesisombululo seBleach ukuze unciphise umonakalo weFiber
Ixabiso le-pH yesisombululo se-bleach linempembelelo enkulu ekuqineni kwelaphu. Kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ze-pH, kukho umahluko kwisiphumo se-bleach kunye nomonakalo wefayibha.
● Xa ixabiso le-pH lingathathi cala (7), umonakalo welaphu uba mkhulu kakhulu.
● Phantsi kweemeko ze-asidi, isantya sokumhlophe siyakhawuleza, kodwa umonakalo wefayibha unzima. (akukhuthazwa rhoqo)
● Indlela yokusebenza kwimizi-mveliso ibonise ukuba uluhlu lwe-pH olufanelekileyo lokunyibilikisa i-chlorine yi-10.2-10.5. Phantsi kwale meko, isantya sokunyibilikisa siphakathi kwaye umonakalo wefayibha uncitshisiwe.
Ukuze kuphuculwe inkqubo, ezinye izityalo zokuhlamba impahla zivumela ukuhlamba nokuhlambulula impahla ngaxeshanye. Oku akugcini nje ngokugcina ixabiso le-pH elifanelekileyo kodwa kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokumhlophe.
Isiphelo
Kwizityalo zokuhlamba impahla yelinen, ukwenza inkqubo yokumhlophe ye-chlorine ngokwesayensi nefanelekileyo, ukulawula ngokungqongqo iiparameter eziphambili (ubushushu, ixesha, uxinaniso, ixabiso le-pH…) kunokuphucula umgangatho wokuhlamba impahla kwaye kwandise ubomi benkonzo yelaphu ngokufanelekileyo. Kunganciphisa iindleko kubathengi kwaye kuphucule ukhuphiswano lwabo kwimarike. Kwixesha elizayo, ngokuphuhliswa kweemfuno zeshishini lokuhlamba impahla zokuhlamba impahla eluhlaza, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokonga amandla, ulawulo olucokisekileyo lwe-chlorine bleaching luya kuba yindlela ebalulekileyo kumashishini okuhlamba impahla yelinen ukuze afikelele kuphuhliso olusemgangathweni.
Ixesha leposi: Oktobha-17-2025