Kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla yolawulo lwehotele, ubumhlophe belineni elimhlophe buyindlela ecacileyo yokulinganisa umgangatho wempahla. Nokuba ngamashiti ebhedi kunye nezigqubuthelo zelaphu legumbi leendwendwe kwiihotele, okanye ngelaphu letafile kwindawo yokutyela, ilineni elimhlophe elikhanyayo nelimhlophe njengelitsha lihlala linika iindwendwe ukubonakalisa ubutsha. Nangona kunjalo, uninziimpahla yokuhlamba impahla yelinen yehoteleIingcali zifumanisa ukuba, nangona kwenziwe i-bleaching eqhelekileyo, ilinen emhlophe isenokuba ne-tyheli ekhanyayo okanye amabala amdaka. Oku akubangelwa kukuhlanjwa kakuhle, kodwa kungenxa yokuba ilaphu ngokwalo liza kutsala ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuncinci ekukhanyeni kwendalo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba mhlophe unganelisiyo. Ngenxa yoko, ilinen emhlophe kufuneka ifumane unyango lwe-bleaching rhoqo olusekelwe kwi-bleaching yesayensi ukuze kufumaneke ubumhlophe bokwenene kunye nobutsha.
Ukufunxa
Ukufunxa yikhonkco elibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuhlamba ilinen emhlophe. Eyokuqala kukusebenzisa i-oxidation okanye i-reduction reactions ukususa amabala e-pigment, angenakususwa ngokulula ngokuwahlamba okuqhelekileyo, ukubuyisela ukukhanya kokuqala kwelaphu ngokwalo. Eyesibini kukuphucula ubumhlophe belaphu elimhlophe kunye nokuphucula ukukhanya kwelaphu elinemibala eqaqambileyo.
Emva kokuhlamba, ukuhlamba kwangaphambili, kunye nokuhlamba okuphambili, amabala anyibilikayo emanzini, amabala anyibilikayo kwioyile, kunye nothuli oluthile oluqinileyo lunokususwa ngempumelelo. Nangona kunjalo, amabala ekofu, amabala egazi, amabala ejusi, kunye namanye amabala e-pigment anokususwa kuphela yi-oxidation okanye i-reduction reactions kwinkqubo ye-bleaching. Umzekelo, i-hemoglobin kumabala egazi iyaqina xa ivezwa kubushushu kwaye ayinakususwa ngokuhlanjwa okuqhelekileyo, ngelixa i-bleach inokuphula isakhiwo sayo se-molecular kwaye iyiguqule ibe zizinto ezinyibilikayo ezikhutshwa ngamanzi amdaka. Kwilinen emhlophe, i-bleach ayisiyo yokususa ukungcola kuphela kodwa ikwayisitshixo sobumhlophe. Ingaphula ukufunxwa kwee-pigment ngemicu yelaphu ukuze ibeke isiseko sobumhlophe obulandelayo.
Ubude bexesha lokuPhulukisa
Isiphumo sokuqaqamba asinakuphuculwa njengoko ixesha liqhubeka ixesha elide. Ingundoqo kukusebenza kakuhle kokukhululwa kwe-bleach. Kwimeko efanelekileyo (ubushushu obufanelekileyo, ixabiso le-pH li-10.5), i-bleach inokunyibilika ngokulinganayo kwisisombululo kumzuzu omnye emva kokuba yongezwe. Kwimizuzu emi-6 ukuya kweyesi-8, isiphumo se-chlorine okanye ezinye izithako ezisebenzayo ngokusisiseko sigqiba ukukhululwa. Ngeli xesha, uxinzelelo lwe-chlorine esebenzayo lumalunga ne-10ppm. Kwinkqubo yokukhupha amanzi, xa uxinzelelo lwe-chlorine olusebenzayo luphantsi kwe-10ppm, impendulo yokuqaqamba iphantse yaphela. Ukwandisa ixesha kunokunyusa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla endaweni yokuphucula isiphumo.
Kwinkampani yokuhlamba impahla yelinen yasehotele, ukuseta ixesha lokumhlophelisa ngokufanelekileyo kunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle. Umzekelo, iinkqubo zokumhlophelisa amashiti okulala, iitawuli, kunye nezinye iibhetshi zelinen zinokusetwa imizuzu esi-8 ukuya kweli-10. Kunokuqinisekisa ukuba izithako ezisebenzayo ziyasabela kwaye kuthintelwe inkcitho yamandla engeyomfuneko. Kwakhona, abantu kufuneka banikele ingqalelo kwiimpawu zezithako ezisebenzayo. I-chlorine bleach ikhupha ngokukhawuleza izithako ezisebenzayo, kwaye ukumhlophelisa ixesha elide kunokonakalisa imicu yelaphu. Impendulo ye-oxygen bleach incinci, ukuze ixesha lihlale ixesha elide. (Imizuzu e-1 ukuya kwe-2 ilungile. Ixesha lonke kufuneka libe ngaphantsi kwemizuzu eli-10 ukuze kuthintelwe iimpembelelo ezigqithisileyo.)
Ubushushu bokuKhuhla
Ubushushu lutshintsho oluphambili oluchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kokumhlophe. Iibleach ezahlukeneyo zifuna ubushushu obahlukeneyo. Ukubeka ubushushu obungalunganga kunokwenza ilinen emva kokumhlophe ibe tyheli ngakumbi.
● I-chlorine bleach
Ingafakwa kwimpahla emhlophe yekotoni. Ubushushu kufuneka bube ngaphantsi kwama-65 ℃. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-chlorine bleach inokunyibilika xa kushushu kakhulu, nto leyo ekhupha i-free chlorine eninzi kwaye ikhokelele ekubeni iifayibha zelaphu zibe buthathaka, zibe tyheli, kwaye zonakale. Malunga nama-60 ℃ lixesha legolide le-chlorine bleach, enokuqinisekisa ixesha lokumhlopheza kwaye inciphise nomonakalo kwiifayibha.
● I-oksijini exutyiweyo nge-oxygen bleach
Ingafakwa kwilinen enemibala okanye kwimpahla enokuchaphazeleka yi-chlorine. Ubushushu bunokubekwa kwi-70℃ ukuya kwi-90℃. Ubushushu obuphezulu bunokusebenzisa iiperoxides kwi-oxygen bleach kwaye buqinise amandla e-oxidation, ngakumbi ukususa amabala aqinileyo. Umzekelo, emva kwe-80℃ oxygen bleach, amabala asekelwe kwi-oyile aya kunyibilika. Ayizizo kuphela ii-oyile ezinokunyibilika, kodwa nobumhlophe bunokuphuculwa ngaphezulu kwe-20%.
Ukongeza, ubushushu kunye nexesha kufuneka zilungiswe ngendlela efanelekileyo. Ngokubanzi, xa kukho ukunyuka kobushushu nge-10℃, ixesha lokudaya linokwehliswa ngesiqingatha. Xa sijonga i-chlorine bleach njengomzekelo, ixesha lokudaya yimizuzu esi-8 kwi-60℃, kwaye ixesha lokudaya kufuneka landiswe liye kwimizuzu eli-15 ukuba ubushushu buhla bufike kwi-50℃, ukuba abantu bafuna isiphumo esifanayo. Inkampani yokuhlamba impahla inokutshintsha ngokuguquguqukayo indibaniselwano yobushushu kunye nexesha ukuze kufezekiswe ulungelelwano phakathi kokusebenza kakuhle kunye nobomi benkonzo yelinen.
Ixabiso le-pH
Ixabiso le-pH lebhafu yokuhlamba liza kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuqina kwelaphu, nto leyo engayihoywa lula. Olu vavanyo lubonisa ukuba xa ixabiso le-pH lingathathi cala (7), i-bleach ibangela umonakalo omkhulu kwiifayibha zelaphu. Kwimeko ye-asidi, nangona isantya sokuqaqamba siya kukhawulezisa, siya kubangela ukwaphuka kwefayibha kunye nokuncipha kwamandla, ukuze oku kusetyenziswe kuphela kumabala aqinileyo kakhulu, kwaye akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa le ndlela ngendlela eqhelekileyo.ukuhlamba impahla.
Kwi-chlorine bleach, ixabiso le-pH elingcono yi-10.2 ukuya kwi-10.5. Kule meko, umsebenzi we-bleaching agent uzinzile, ongenakuqinisekisa nje kuphela ukuba i-oxidation reaction iqhubeka kancinci kodwa ikwanciphisa umonakalo kwimicu kakhulu. Kwindlela yokusebenza, iinkqubo eziphambili zokuhlamba kunye ne-bleaching zinokuyilwa ukuba zenziwe ngaxeshanye. Indawo ye-alkaline kwinkqubo yokuhlamba ephambili (ngesiqhelo ixabiso le-pH 10-11) inokuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-chlorine bleach ngaphandle kokufuna ukulungisa ixabiso le-pH. Oku kungenza lula inkqubo kwaye kunciphise iindleko. I-oxygen bleach kufuneka yenziwe kwindawo ene-alkaline encinci (ixabiso le-pH 9 ukuya kwi-10) ukuthintela iindawo ezine-acidic ukuba zonakalise isakhiwo se-peroxides.
Ukumhlophe
Nangona iphantsi kwe-bleach egqibeleleyo, ilinen emhlophe ayinakukhanya ngokwaneleyo ngenxa yokufunxwa kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Phantsi kwezi meko, unyango oluqhelekileyo nolunobungakanani luba linyathelo elibalulekileyo. Izinto zokwenza mhlophe zifunxwa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet zize zikhuphe ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuze zibuyisele ukulahleka kokufunxwa okubangelwa yimpahla. Ingaphucula ubumhlophe ngokubonakalayo kwaye yenze ilinen ibe nembonakalo emhlophe.
Unyango lokumhlophe kufuneka lube rhoqo kwaye lube nomlinganiselo. Ukumhlophe kakhulu kuya kubangela ukuba ilinen ijike ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, into engeyoyemvelo. Ubuninzi obuphantsi abukwazi ukugcina isiphumo sokuba mhlophe kwaye sikhanye. Kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe unyango lokumhlophe kube kanye okanye kabini kwilinen esetyenziswa rhoqo ngeveki. Iiarhente zokumhlophe kufuneka zongezwe kwi-0.1%-0.3% yobunzima belinen ngalo lonke ixesha ngexesha lokuhlamba. Kwakhona, iiarhente zokumhlophe kufuneka zihambelane ne-bleach. Ilinen, emva kokuba iphathwe nge-chlorine bleach, kufuneka ihlanjwe kakuhle ukuze kususwe i-chlorine eseleyo. Emva koko, inkqubo yokumhlophe ingenziwa. Ngaphandle koko, iya kuchaphazela kakubi iziphumo zokumhlophe.
Isiphelo
Ubumhlophe kunye nokutsha kwelinen emhlophe akuyonto ingaqhelekanga. Kukudityaniswa kwe-bleach yesayensi kunye nokumhlophe okuchanekileyo. Ingcali yokuhlamba impahla yelinen yehotele kufuneka ikwazi ixesha, ubushushu, kunye nexabiso le-pH ngokuhambelana kwaye yenze izicwangciso ngokwexesha lokusetyenziswa. Kuphela ngale ndlela abantu banokugcina ubumhlophe kunye nokukhanya kwayo yonke into yelinen emhlophe. Oku kuzisa iindwendwe zehotele amava asemgangathweni kwaye kukwancedaamashishini okuhlamba impahlaukufumana udumo oluzinzileyo nokuthenjwa.
Ixesha leposi: Septemba-05-2025