Umphunga sisixhobo sobushushu esifunekayo kuzo zonke izityalo zokuhlamba impahla. Ngoko ke, yintoni umahluko phakathi komphunga oshushu kakhulu nomphunga ogcweleyo? Umahluko ukwimeko yawo ye-thermodynamic.
Umphunga Ogcweleyo
Umphunga ogcweleyo uthetha imeko apho ulwelo kunye negesi ziphila kunye kumlinganiselo othile kuxinzelelo oluthile. Kule meko, ulwelo luya kuhlala luphuma ngelixa igesi iya kuhlala ijika ide ifikelele kumlinganiselo ofanayo. Ngelo xesha, ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo lweumphungaZizinzile. Zibizwa ngokuba zi-saturated temperature kunye ne-saturated pressure. Ekuqaleni kwe-equilibrium, i-steam yi-wet saturated steam. Ukuba abantu bayaqhubeka nokufudumala, i-steam iya kuba yi-wome saturated steam emva kokuba onke amanzi emanzini agcweleyo ephelisiwe. Ubushushu bomphunga ukusuka kwi-wet saturated ukuya kwi-wome saturated buhlala bufana. Ubushushu bomphunga abunyuki ngexesha lenkqubo ukusuka kwi-wet saturation ukuya kwi-wome saturation. Kwi-fixed pressure, ukuba i-wome saturated steam ifudunyezwa ngakumbi, ubushushu bayo buyanyuka kwaye bube yi-superheated steam. I-Superheated steam ayinazo ii-fluid drops okanye i-liquid mist kwaye yi-gas yokwenyani.
❑ Umzekelo
Ukukubeka kwimeko elula:
● Kwingcinezelo ethile, amanzi aqala ukubila aze kancinci kancinci abe ngumphunga emva kokuba efudunyezwe aze abile. Ngeli xesha, ubushushu bomphunga bulingana nobushushu bokugcwala. Olu bushushu lunxulumene noxinzelelo. Okukhona uxinzelelo luphezulu, kokukhona ubushushu bokugcwala buphezulu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, okukhona uxinzelelo luphantsi, kokukhona ubushushu bokugcwala buphantsi. Xa uxinzelelo luyi-0.10MPa, ubushushu bokugcwala buyi-99.09°C. Xa uxinzelelo luyi-4.05 MPa, ubushushu bokugcwala buyi-249.18°C. Xa uxinzelelo luyi-10.13 MPa, ubushushu balo bokugcwala buyi-309.53°C.
Umphunga oshushu kakhulu
Ubushushu buza kuqhubeka bunyuka budlule ubushushu bokugcwala kolu xinzelelo emva kokuba umphunga ogcweleyo ufudunyezwe ngakumbi. Lo mphunga, odlula ubushushu bokugcwala, ubizwa ngokuba ngumphunga oshushu kakhulu. Kule meko, ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo lomphunga azisekho zizinzile. Xa ubushushu busanda, nazo ziyanda. Umphunga oshushu kakhulu unamandla aphezulu obushushu kunye nomthamo wobushushu.
❑ Ingxaki
Nangona kunjalo, xa kusetyenziswa ngokwenene, ukusebenzisa umphunga oshushu kakhulu ekufudumaleni akulunganga. Oku kungenxa yokuba umphunga oshushu kakhulu kufuneka upholiswe ukuya kubushushu bokugcwala ukuze kukhululwe i-enthalpy yokufuma. Ubushushu obukhutshwa ekupholiseni komphunga oshushu kakhulu ukuya kubushushu bokugcwala buncinci kakhulu xa buthelekiswa ne-enthalpy yokufuma.
● Ukuba ubushushu obuphezulu bomphunga buncinci kakhulu, le nxalenye incinci yobushushu kulula ukuyikhulula. Nangona kunjalo, xa ubushushu obuphezulu buphezulu kakhulu, ixesha lokupholisa lide kakhulu. Ngeli xesha, kuphela ubushushu obuncinci kakhulu obunokukhutshwa.
Kwizixhobo zokutshintsha ubushushu, ukusetyenziswa komphunga oshushu kakhulu kuya kwenza udonga olomileyo ngaphakathi kwezixhobo zokutshintsha ubushushu. Le ndawo iya kwenza umlinganiselo ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ebangela ukuba udonga lombhobho lushushu kakhulu kwaye ikhokelele ekuweni kombhobho. Ke ngoko, nangona ubushushu bomphunga oshushu kakhulu kuxinzelelo olufanayo buphezulu kunobomphunga oshushu, amandla awo okufudumeza aphantsi kunomphunga oshushu.
Isiphelo
Kwimveliso yokwenyani, ukuba iifektri zokuhlamba impahla zifuna ukusebenzisa umphunga oshushu kakhulu nobushushu obuphezulu oveliswa sisityalo samandla, umphunga kufuneka uqale udlule kwinkqubo yesikhululo sokususa ubushushu nokunciphisa uxinzelelo ukuze uguqule umphunga oshushu kakhulu ube ngumphunga ogcweleyo ngaphambi kokuba usetyenziswe. Umphunga oshushu kakhulu unokukhupha ubushushu bawo obufihlakeleyo kuphela xa upholisiwe ukuya kwimeko egcweleyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-13-2025