Ngexeshaukuhlamba impahlaInkqubo yelinen, yeyiphi ikhemikhali ebaluleke kakhulu? Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba ziisepha, izinto zokumhlophelisa, njalo njalo. Enyanisweni, uninziiifektri zokuhlamba impahlaukungayinaki into ebalulekileyo ekuhlanjweni kwelineni. Oko kukuthi ngamanzi.
Iingenelo kunye nokungalungi kwamanzi
Kwimpahla yelinen, amanzi ahamba kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuhlamba.
● Iingenelo zayo zikwi:
- Inamandla amakhulu okunyibilikisa nokusasaza. Inokunyibilika kakuhle kwiityuwa ezingaphiliyo nezingaphiliyo kwaye inokunyibilikisa kwaye isasaze iicarbohydrate, iiproteni, ii-asidi ezinamafutha aphantsi, kunye nee-alcohols.
- Kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye ayinatyhefu kwaye ayinavumba. Isebenza njengendawo ekhuselekileyo kakhulu yokuhlamba ngamanzi.
- Ixabiso layo liphantsi kwaye ininzi. Amanzi yeyona nto ingabizi kakhulu kwaye isisiseko, kwaye ikwangumthombo ofumaneka lula.
● Ikwanazo nezinye iingxaki.
- Ayinakunyibilikisa igrisi, ngoko ke abantu abanakususa amabala asekelwe kwioyile bodwa ngamanzi.
- Uxinzelelo lwayo oluphezulu kumphezulu lwenza kube nzima ukuba amanzi angene ngaphakathi kwimicu yelinen. Oku kubangela ukuba amabala angasuswa kakuhle xa amalaphu ehlanjwa ngamanzi odwa.
- Ngokubanzi, amanzi aqulathe ii-ion zesinyithi ezifana ne-calcium kunye ne-magnesium, ezidla ngokuchaphazela indlela isandla esivakala ngayo kwilinen. Kwakhona, ii-ion zesinyithi zenza lula ilinen ibe tyheli. Ke ngoko, ukuze kufunyanwe iziphumo ezilungileyo zokuhlamba ilinen, kufuneka unyango lwamanzi, kwaye amanzi athambileyo kufuneka asetyenziswe ekucoceni.
Iingcamango zamanzi aqinileyo namanzi athambileyo
Amanzi aqinileyo ngamanzi aqulethe ubuninzi bokungcola okufana neecarbonates, iibicarbonates, iichloride, iisulfates, kunye neenitrates zecalcium, imagnesium, iron, ialuminium, kunye nemanganese. Phakathi kwezi, iityuwa zecalcium kunye nemagnesium zisasazeke kakhulu kwindalo, kwaye zezona zinto ziphambili zamanzi aqinileyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amanzi athambileyo ngamanzi apho ityuwa zecalcium kunye nemagnesium zisusiwe khona.
Amanzi aqinileyo namanzi athambileyo ahlulwe ngokwemigangatho yawo yobunzima. Ngokwesiqhelo kukho iindidi ezi-5.
Amanzi athambileyo kakhulu: Ngaphantsi kwe-15 PPM
Amanzi athambileyo: 15~50 PPM
Amanzi aqinileyo aphakathi: 50~100 PPM
Amanzi aqinileyo: 100~200 PPM
Amanzi aqinileyo kakhulu: Ngaphezulu kwe-200 PPM
Impembelelo Yamanzi Aqinileyo Ekuhlanjweni Kwelinen
Umgangatho wamanzi ongcono kakhulu wokuhlamba ngamanzi athambileyo. Amanzi athambileyo ngokwendalo anqabile kakhulu. Ukuba ubunzima bamanzi okuhlamba bungaphezulu komgangatho, kuya kuchaphazela umgangatho wokuhlamba ilinen kwaye kubangele ingozi ethile.
● Impembelelo kwiziphumo zokuhlamba
Ii-ion ze-calcium kunye ne-magnesium ezikwindawo emanzi eqinileyo kwilaphu. Oku kubangela ukuba amalaphu amhlophe abe ngwevu, kwaye kunempembelelo embi kumhlophe wawo kunye nokuvakala kwesandla. Amalaphu anombala anokutshabalala, alahlekelwe bubuhle bawo, kwaye abe rhabaxa xa echukunyiswa.
Iidiphozithi zecalcium/magnesium kwimpahla zinamathele ngokuqinileyo kwimicu yelaphu. Ngenxa yoko, kunzima ukususa ezi ion nokubuyisela ubumhlophe bempahla emhlophe engwevu. Kwakhona, umhlwa wesepha uqokelelana lula kwiindonga zedramu zemishini yokuhlamba iimpahla yemizi-mveliso kunye nee-tunnel washers, nto leyo eyandisa ubunzima bokugcinwa kwezixhobo.
Ii-ion zentsimbi emanzini zenza umhlwa (i-iron hydroxide) ngexesha lokuhlamba okufudumeleyo, okwenza amabala amdaka kwilaphu. Oku kwenza amalaphu amhlophe abe tyheli ngokubanzi, kwaye amalaphu anombala oqaqambileyo anokunyamalala. Ukususa la mabala omhlwa kufuna izixhobo zokususa umhlwa okanye i-oxalic acid, kodwa ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwezi zisepha kukhawulezisa ukuguguleka nokukrazuka kwelinen.
● Ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwee-detergents
Ii-ion ze-calcium kunye ne-magnesium emanzini aqinileyo zibophana nee-surfactants kwiisepha, nto leyo enciphisa umsebenzi wee-surfactants kwaye ithintele iisepha ukuba zingasebenzi njengoko bekucwangcisiwe. Ngenxa yoko, inani elifanayo leekhemikhali zokuhlamba impahla aliphumeleli ekuveliseni iziphumo ezifanelekileyo zokucoca. Oku kunyanzela iifektri zokuhlamba impahla ukuba zonyuse umthamo wesepha, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza.
● Thintela Ukususwa Komhlaba
Ii-ion ze-calcium kunye ne-magnesium emanzini zinokubophana nezinto ezikwi-detergents ukuze zenze ii-precipitates. Ngoko ke ezinye ii-particles zomhlaba zisanamathela kwilaphu emva kokuhlanjwa. Ezi particles zingena kwi-pores ezincinci kunye ne-capillaries ye-fibers, zihlala kwi-interstices, kwaye zinamathela ngokungqongqo kunomhlaba oqhelekileyo. Kunzima ngakumbi ukuzisusa ngokupheleleyo.
● Inkangeleko yeLaphu engonakalisiyo kunye nobomi bayo benkonzo
Amanzi aqinileyo ayawufiphalisa umbala oqaqambileyo welinen, kwaye yonakalisa umbala welinen aze atshintshe umbala. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iilinen ziyaqina kancinci kancinci, ziqhekeke, ziqhekeke lula, kwaye ziphelelwe ngamandla. Kwakhona, ilinen ilahlekelwa bubuthambile bayo, nto leyo ekugqibeleni enciphisa ubomi bayo bokusebenza.
● Nciphisa Ubomi Benkonzo Yezixhobo Zokuhlamba Iimpahla
Phantsi kwempembelelo yobushushu, i-limescale egciniweyo idla imiphezulu yesinyithi yoomatshini bokuhlamba iimpahla bemizi-mveliso okanyeizixhobo zokuhlamba itonelaUkuhlanganiswa kweeminerali kuvala imibhobho yamanzi, kubangela ukuguguleka okukhulu kwiindawo ezihambayo, kwaye kunciphisa kakhulu ubomi benkonzo yesixhobo.
Impembelelo Yamanzi Aqinileyo Ekuyiniseni Ilinen
Ukongeza, amanzi aqinileyo ayonakalisa uku-ayinwa kwelinen.
● Vala iipayipi kwaye wehlise ukudluliselwa kobushushu
Ngexesha loku-ayina ilinen, ukuqokelelwa kancinci kwe-limescale (intsalela yamanzi aqinileyo) kuncipha okanye kuthintele imibhobho yomphunga yezixhobo ezifana neejenereyitha zomphunga, ii-ayini ezisicaba, kunye nee-ayini zomphunga. Oku kunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokudlulisa ubushushu kwezixhobo zoku-ayina.
● Izixhobo zokuAyina eziGcobayo
I-limescale eyenziwe xa amanzi aqinileyo efudunyezwa iyatsha. Ii-ion ze-chloride kwi-limescale zitshatyalalisa iindonga zemibhobho yezikhongozeli kubushushu obuphezulu kwaye zenze i-limescale yetyuwa yesinyithi. Oku kunciphisa iindonga zemibhobho yezixhobo zoku-ayina, nto leyo eyonakalisa ukudluliselwa kobushushu kwaye ishiye iingozi ezinokubakho zokhuseleko kwimithambo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
Iindlela Zokucoca Amanzi
Emva kokuqonda iingozi zamanzi aqinileyo, iifektri zokuhlamba impahla kufuneka zenze unyango lokuthambisa amanzi.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zokunyanga amanzi kwizityalo zokuhlamba impahla: ukutshintshiselana kwee-ion kunye nokwahlulwa kwe-membrane.
- Indlela yokutshintshiselana ngee-ion isebenzisa i-resin ukuthatha indawo yee-ion ze-calcium kunye ne-magnesium emanzini aluhlaza. Nje ukuba i-resin igcwale ngezi i-ion, iya kuyeka ukuzifunxa. Kule ndawo, ityuwa ecocekileyo yodidi lweshishini iyafuneka ukuze kuphinde kusetyenziswe i-resin. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhlaziywa kwe-resin kuthatha ixesha kwaye akunakuqhubeka ngonaphakade.
- Indlela yokwahlula i-membrane isebenzisa i-nanofiltration (NF) membranes okanye i-reverse osmosis (RO) membranes ukuze ithintele i-calcium kunye ne-magnesium ions emanzini, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ubulukhuni bamanzi ngokusisiseko.
● Iingenelo
Ukusebenza okuzinzileyo, iteknoloji evuthiweyo, umthamo omkhulu wonyango, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi.
● Iingxaki
- Umsebenzi onzima kakhulu.
- Ukuthengwa rhoqo kwetyuwa yemizi-mveliso kuyadingeka.
- Ukutshintshwa kweresin okunengxaki kwinqanaba lokugqibela.
❑Indlela yokwahlulwa kwe-membrane
● Iingenelo
Ukungcola okusemgangathweni ophezulu, inqanaba eliphezulu lokusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye nokugcinwa okulula.
● Iingxaki
Iimfuneko eziphezulu zoxinzelelo lwamanzi okungena, utyalo-mali oluphezulu lokuqala lwezixhobo, kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokusebenza.
Iindleko zokuqala zotyalo-mali lokucoca i-resin ziphantsi kakhulu, kwaye iindleko zokuqala zotyalo-mali lwe-reverse osmosis (RO) ziphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ekusebenzeni ixesha elide, iinkqubo ze-RO zibonelela ngolondolozo olulula kwaye zivelisa amanzi asemgangathweni ongcono.
Ukongeza, iifektri zokuhlamba iimpahla kufuneka ziqwalasele umthamo wokucoca ngamanzi ngeyure kunye nobungakanani betanki yamanzi athambileyo xa zikhetha. Ulwakhiwo olwahlukileyo lubangela umahluko omkhulu kwiindleko zotyalo-mali lokuqala. Ukuze ukhethe ukhetho olungabizi kakhulu, kufuneka uhlalutyo olupheleleyo kunye nothelekiso olusekelwe kwizinto ezifana nomthamo wokuhlamba ilinen yemihla ngemihla, uhlobo lwezixhobo zokuhlamba iimpahla ezisetyenziswayo, kunye nokungena kwamanzi ngeyure kwiindawo zokuhlamba iimpahla.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-14-2025